Short codes, tailored for each network, act as unique access codes facilitating the exchange of messages (SMS and MMS) between consumers and businesses. These codes are typically shorter than regular mobile phone numbers and typically consist of three to eight digits, varying based on the country.

The primary distinction between these two sender types lies in their intended usage. Virtual long numbers were specifically created to facilitate person-to-person (P2P) messages with a moderate volume of messages. On the other hand, short codes were developed to handle application-to-person (A2P) bulk messaging with higher throughput. Short codes utilize a preapproved route, eliminating the need for filtering.

As the demand for messaging channels evolved over time, carriers intervened to gain better control over the traffic on their networks. Their goal was to enhance security and ensure better deliverability of messages.

In certain countries, it is obligatory to use a short code Sender ID to maintain the sender’s identity transparency for compliance purposes, and an initial opt-in message from the MNO (Mobile Network Operator) must be sent.

Likewise, in some countries, specific keywords like STOP, INFO, and HELP need to be supported to adhere to local regulations.

It is important to note that short codes will exclusively function on domestic phones within the country where the short code is registered, even when the user is roaming abroad.